In this paper, the optimal routing problem for TRANSPORTATION of HAZARDOUS MATERIALS is studied. Routing for the purpose of reducing the risk of TRANSPORTATION of HAZARDOUS MATERIALS has been studied and formulated by many researchers and several routing models have been presented up to now. These models can be classified into two categories: the models for routing a single movement and the models for routing multiple movements. In this paper, according to the current rules and regulations of road TRANSPORTATION of HAZARDOUS MATERIALS in Iran, a routing problem is designed. In this problem, the routes for several independent movements are simultaneously determined. To examine the model, the problem of TRANSPORTATION of two different dangerous MATERIALS in the road network of Mazandaran province in the north of Iran is formulated and solved by applying Integer programming model.    

The shipments of HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (HAZMATs) induce various risks to the road network. Today, one of the major considerations of TRANSPORTATION system managers is HAZMATs shipments, due to the increasing demand of these goods (because it is more used in industry, agriculture, medicine, etc.), and the rising number of incidents that are associated to HAZARDOUS MATERIALS.This paper presents a tool for HAZMATs TRANSPORTATION authorities and planners that would reduce the risk of the road network by identifying safe and economic routes for HM transshipment. Using the proposed linear integer programming model, the HM management system could determine an optimal assignment for all origin-destination pairs for various HAZARDOUS MATERIALS in a TRANSPORTATION network and so reduce the vulnerability due to HAZMATs releases such as population and environmental vulnerability. The model is implemented and evaluated for the HAZARDOUS MATERIALS routing within Fars, Yazd, Isfahan, and Chaharmaha-o-Bakhtiyari provinces of Iran. The branch and- bound algorithm is applied to solve the model using the Lingo software package.

TRANSPORTATION of HAZARDOUS MATERIALS is the area that is very important due to the high potential of possible incidents, despite high safety statistics. Determining indicator and assessment of HAZARDOUS MATERIALS’ risk, is the first step t execute route direction projects and also, a way to plan and assess function of road network. Here, in this article, we suggest a method to determine the risk to transport HAZARDOUS MATERIALS from arc of a network, using questionarie date and process to hierarchy assessment. The results of this study show that routes of shiraz-Nourabad. Sepidan, kazeroun-Dashte arzan, and Qotb.abad-Fath. abad, have the most risk and route of Arsanjan-jamal.abad has the least risk to pass inflammable fluid. Also, the routes of Dashte arzan-Qaemieh, Kazeroun-Dashte arzan, and Marvdasht-Shiraz have the most risk and route of Khosvieh-Hajiabad has the least risk to pass HAZARDOUS MATERIALS.

TRANSPORTATION of HAZARDOUS MATERIALS plays a significant role in economic activities in developing as well as developed countries because of the need of industrial plants to these MATERIALS. In many cases, production plants of HAZARDOUS MATERIALS are far from the consumers, where TRANSPORTATION of MATERIALS affects the safety of the people involved. In this paper, besides minimizing the cost of related TRANSPORTATION, reduction of accident probability as minimizing the risk of HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TRANSPORTATION, is also considered. The importance of required time for MATERIALS delivery is another main objective. The above issue is categorized in a vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW). In this paper, a new multi-objective mathematical model is presented and solved by the use of a well-known evolutionary algorithm, NSGA-II. Related computational results are compared by results of Lingo software using the e-constraint method in small-sized test problems. A number of numerical investigations to evaluate the quality of solution sets versus time in large sizes are performed on various test instances. Results obtained by NSGA-II were compared based on two comparison metrics, namely spacing and quantity, in order to show the efficiency of the proposed NSGA-II. Finally, a real-case study was considered for shipping the Chlorine gas capsules from the Water & Wastewater Company to municipal water treatment facilities in Tehran.

Risk factors are generally defined and assigned to road networks, as constant measures in hazmat routing problems. In fact, they may be dynamic variables depending on traffic volume, weather and road condition, and drivers’ behavior.In this research work, risk factors are defined as dynamic variables using the concept of chaos theory. The largest Lyapunov exponent is utilized to determine the presence of chaos for road accident rates. Risk factors with the property of chaotic behavior are considered to solve hazmat routing problem using a developed mathematical model. Evaluation process has been done based on travel distance which mainly represents travel cost, as well as results show that the application of chaos to define dynamic risk factor is an appropriate method to solve hazmat routing problem, comparing to constant measures of risks.

Background and Objective: The TRANSPORTATION of dangerous MATERIALS can lead to catastrophic accidents in metropolises. Assessment of the risk of transporting such MATERIALS and determination of the consequences can prevent possible accidents and consequences. MATERIALS and Methods: In this regard, the TRRI method was used to estimate the quantitative risk index. Assessment and analysis of determinantal damages resulting from accidents of sudden discharge of such HAZARDOUS MATERIALS were performed by PHAST software. Furthermore, Pathfinder software was used to simulate individual reactions, and manage conditions and their distance from the accident zone. Results: Assessing the risk of TRANSPORTATION of jet fuel was estimated to be 144 using the TRRI method. Analysis of the consequences indicated that the sudden discharge of fuel in the first six months of the year, the consequence of the explosion of a jet fuel tanker up to a radius of 120 meters cause irreparable damage to the surrounding buildings. The findings of this simulation showed that the pool fire scenario of the people who are exposed to 12. 5 kW/m2 radiation in the first and second half of the year in the sudden discharge scenario prevents the person from first or second-degree burns. Conclusion: Considering the significant road transport of HAZARDOUS MATERIALS and the high severity of the consequences of possible accidents in the intracity TRANSPORTATION of jet fuel, designing a time of safe TRANSPORTATION of MATERIALS along with determining safer routes can reduce the risk of such incidents.